Genetics Page
We hear about in the news. We see it in our favourite shows. Our friends and family have DNA tests completed by companies such as 23 and Me. However, what is Genetics and DNA analysis? In this unit we will be examining the basics of what our DNA and genetics research has meant to out lives.
A Glossary of TermsBelow are two links to a glossary of important terms in the field of Genetics. While it does not include every term, these are the important terms we will be referencing. While both the files are the same, one link is in docx format and the other in PDF format.
Plant Cell StructureBelow are two representation of a typical plant cell — one on 2-dimensions and the other a more 3-dimensional representation.
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A Brief History of Genetics ResearchBelow are two links to a brief history of genetics research. While both the files are the same, one link is in docx format and the other in PDF format.
Animal Cell StructureBelow are two representation of a typical plant cell — one on 2-dimensions and the other a more 3-dimensional representation.
Scientists do not know haw many cells the typical human may have. However, estimates from many credible sources often state between 30 and 40 trillion cells; it may be much more. There are many different types of cells in out body including: blood, bone and muscle cells to just name a few. |
DNA
What is DNA? Well deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA for short) is a type of protein. What makes DNA so important? Well, DNA makes you — well, you. All the information to create all the proteins and cells in your body are encoded in your DNA. Tall or short, brown or blue eyes, cleft chin or no cleft chin are all traits controlled by your DNA. DNA is the program that tells your body how to make and maintain you.
DNA is arranged in a double-helix structure. The information is coded by the four amino acids that make up DNA. The four amino acids are: adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine. Adenine also pairs with thymine and Guanine always pairs with cytosine.
DNA is arranged in a double-helix structure. The information is coded by the four amino acids that make up DNA. The four amino acids are: adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine. Adenine also pairs with thymine and Guanine always pairs with cytosine.
Human Chromosomes
A simple animal like a fruit fly has 8 chromosomes (4 pairs). Dogs have 78 chromosome (39 pairs). The hermit crab has the greatest number of chromosomes with 254 chromosomes (127 pairs).
Humans have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. One chromosome in each pair comes from the mother and other in each pair comes from the father. Pictured below are the human chromosome pairs. Notice below that the last pair of chromosomes determine then sex of an individual — female X X and male X y.
Humans have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. One chromosome in each pair comes from the mother and other in each pair comes from the father. Pictured below are the human chromosome pairs. Notice below that the last pair of chromosomes determine then sex of an individual — female X X and male X y.
Punnett Square — Monohybrid Cross
There are two versions of a Punnett square below for you to download and print. One in docx format and the other in PDF format.
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Punnett Square — Dihybrid Cross
Punnett Square — Dihybrid Cross
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